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Complete Indicator Profile of Obesity - Adults (18+) (HA2020 Leading Health Indicator: 4B)DefinitionPercentage of adults aged 18 years and older who have a body mass index (BMI) greater than or equal to 30.0 kg/m2 calculated from self-reported weight and height. BMI is calculated by dividing weight in kilograms by the square of height in meters.NumeratorNumber of adults aged 18 years and older who have a body mass index (BMI) greater than or equal to 30.0 kg/m2 calculated from self-reported weight and height. Excludes pregnant women and biologically implausible values.DenominatorNumber of adults aged 18 years and older for whom BMI can be calculated from their self-reported weight and height (excludes unknowns, refusals for weight and/or height, pregnant women, and biologically implausible values).Why Is This Important?Obesity has become a major health problem for Alaskans and Americans. About a third of the adult population is now obese and an additional one-third is overweight.[1] Obesity is expensive. It is estimated medical complications of obesity cost Alaska's economy $477 million a year in direct medical expenditures (E.A. Finkelstein, personal communication, July 2009). The spread of the obesity epidemic has been equally, if not more, severe among children and adolescents. Since 1980, the national overweight and obesity rates have tripled for youth, with 34% of two to 19 year olds above a normal weight (above the 85th percentile).[2] Overweight and obesity are determined by calculating Body Mass Index (BMI) from a person's weight and height. BMI provides a reliable indicator of body fatness for most people and it is used to screen for weight categories that increases the risk of health problems. The impact of the obesity epidemic is reflected in the nation's concurrent epidemics of diabetes, heart disease, and other chronic diseases, and has even lead to the projection that, due to obesity, today's children may be the first generation to have a shorter life expectancy than their parents' generation.[3]Overweight and obesity affect a large proportion of the Alaska population and there has been an increase in the number of obese persons over the last decade. Many diseases and adverse health outcomes are associated with overweight and obesity, including high blood pressure, type 2 diabetes, coronary heart disease, stroke, gallbladder disease, osteoarthritis, sleep apnea, respiratory problems, and some types of cancer. In addition to genetic factors, an unhealthy diet and a lack of physical activity are both key contributors to rising obesity rates. It has been projected that, due to obesity, today's children may be the first generation to have a shorter life expectancy than their parents. References: 1. Flegal KM, Carroll MD, Ogden CL, Curtin LR. Prevalence and trends in obesity among US adults, 1999-2008. JAMA. 2010 Jan 20;303(3):235-41. 2. Ogden CL, Carroll MD, Curtin LR, Lamb MM, Flegal KM. Prevalence of high body mass index in US children and adolescents, 2007-2008. JAMA. 2010 Jan 20;303(3):242-9. 3. Olshansky SJ, Passaro DJ, Hershow RC et al. A potential decline in life expectancy in the United States in the 21st century. NEJM 2005;352(11):1138-45. Healthy People Objective NWS-9:Reduce the proportion of adults who are obeseU.S. Target: 30.6 percent State Target: Healthy Alaskans 2020 target: 27% Other ObjectivesThe Healthy Alaskans 2010 target for adult obesity prevalence of 18% was not met.How Are We Doing?The percentage of Alaska adults who are obese has steadily increased over the past 2 decades, doubling between 1991 (13%) and 2010 (29%).The Healthy Alaskans 2010 target for adult obesity prevalence was 18% or lower. Adult obesity prevalence has increased steadily from a baseline of 20% in 1999 to its current level of 29% in 2010. The Healthy Alaskans 2010 target of 18% was not met. The prevalence of obesity is higher for Alaska Natives/American Indians (31%) than White Alaskans (25%). Those living in rural Alaska (30%) are more likely to be obese than those in other regions of the states (25-26%). Women with low household incomes and with less than a high school education are more likely to be obese. (Source: 2009 BRFSS) Additional statistics on obesity burden are available at: http://www.hss.state.ak.us/dph/chronic/obesity/resources.htm. How Do We Compare With U.S.?The Alaska adult obesity rate has paralleled the increase seen in adult obesity prevalence nationwide.What Is Being Done?In collaboration with partners statewide, the Obesity Prevention and Control Program provides professional development opportunities and technical assistance to school teachers and staff on evidence-based obesity prevention strategies appropriate for the school environment. The program also provides important surveillance data and publishes reports on the behaviors and risk factors that contribute to obesity to help community coalitions and partners identify and track health problems, and evaluate the effectiveness of obesity prevention efforts. Additional information on current efforts to prevent obesity in Alaska is available at: http://www.hss.state.ak.us/dph/chronic/obesity/.Evidence-based PracticesAs part of the Healthy Alaskans 2020 health improvement process, groups of Alaskan subject matter experts met over a period of months in a rigorous review process to identify and prioritize strategies to address the 25 health priorities. Public health partners around the state are aligning work around these approaches adapted to Alaska's unique needs. Below are the strategies identified for enhancing adolescent support systems.Strategy 1: Implement a comprehensive social marketing campaign promoting nutrition and physical activity. Choose campaign topics strategically; examples include limiting sugary drinks and the importance of family meals. Evidence Base: Citing The Community Guide and other reviews, the CDC recommends community-wide campaigns as effective in increasing physical activity, a contributing factor to maintaining a healthy weight. Sources: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Increasing physical activity: A report on recommendations of the Task Force on Community Preventive Services. MMWR. 2001; 50 (RR-18):1-16. The Community Guide: http://www.thecommunityguide.org/pa/index.html Kahn EB, Ramsey LT, Brownson RC, et al. The effectiveness of interventions to increase physical activity: a systematic review. Am J Prev Med. 2002; 22(4S): 73-107. Related IndicatorsRelated Relevant Population Characteristics Indicator Profiles:
Related Health Care System Factors Indicator Profiles:Related Risk Factors Indicator Profiles:
Related Health Status Outcomes Indicator Profiles:
Graphical Data ViewsPercentage of adults (18+) who were obese (BMI >= 30.0), all Alaskans, Alaska Natives, and U.S., 1991-2020 
Data NotesHealthy Alaskans 2020 target: 27%Post-stratification weights were used for Alaska prior to 2006; raking weights were used from 2007 onward. For more on this methodological change see: http://dhss.alaska.gov/dph/Chronic/Pages/brfss/method.aspx. Alaska data were obtained from the Standard AK BRFSS from 1991 through 2003, and from the Standard and Supplemental AK BRFSS surveys combined from 2004 onward. The Supplemental BRFSS survey is conducted using identical methodology as the Standard BRFSS and allows a doubling of the BRFSS sample size for those measures included on both surveys. Data Sources
Percentage of adults (18+) who were obese (BMI >= 30.0), by sex, all Alaskans, 2010-2020
Data NotesHealthy Alaskans 2020 target: 27%Post-stratification weights were used for Alaska prior to 2006; raking weights were used from 2007 onward. For more on this methodological change see: http://dhss.alaska.gov/dph/Chronic/Pages/brfss/method.aspx. Alaska data were obtained from the Standard AK BRFSS from 1991 through 2003, and from the Standard and Supplemental AK BRFSS surveys combined from 2004 onward. The Supplemental BRFSS survey is conducted using identical methodology as the Standard BRFSS and allows a doubling of the BRFSS sample size for those measures included on both surveys. Percentage of adults (18+) who were obese (BMI >= 30.0), by age group, all Alaskans, 2010-2020
Data NotesHealthy Alaskans 2020 target: 27%Post-stratification weights were used for Alaska prior to 2006; raking weights were used from 2007 onward. For more on this methodological change see: http://dhss.alaska.gov/dph/Chronic/Pages/brfss/method.aspx. Alaska data were obtained from the Standard AK BRFSS from 1991 through 2003, and from the Standard and Supplemental AK BRFSS surveys combined from 2004 onward. The Supplemental BRFSS survey is conducted using identical methodology as the Standard BRFSS and allows a doubling of the BRFSS sample size for those measures included on both surveys. Percentage of adults (18+) who were obese (BMI >= 30.0), by ethnicity, all Alaskans, 2010-2020
Data NotesHealthy Alaskans 2020 target: 27%Post-stratification weights were used for Alaska prior to 2006; raking weights were used from 2007 onward. For more on this methodological change see: http://dhss.alaska.gov/dph/Chronic/Pages/brfss/method.aspx. Alaska data were obtained from the Standard AK BRFSS from 1991 through 2003, and from the Standard and Supplemental AK BRFSS surveys combined from 2004 onward. The Supplemental BRFSS survey is conducted using identical methodology as the Standard BRFSS and allows a doubling of the BRFSS sample size for those measures included on both surveys. Data SourcesBRFSS Alaska Data: Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, Alaska Department of Health and Social Services, Division of Public Health, Section of Chronic Disease Prevention and Health PromotionPercentage of adults (18+) who were obese (BMI >= 30.0), by marital status, all Alaskans, 2010-2020
Data NotesHealthy Alaskans 2020 target: 27%Post-stratification weights were used for Alaska prior to 2006; raking weights were used from 2007 onward. For more on this methodological change see: http://dhss.alaska.gov/dph/Chronic/Pages/brfss/method.aspx. Alaska data were obtained from the Standard AK BRFSS from 1991 through 2003, and from the Standard and Supplemental AK BRFSS surveys combined from 2004 onward. The Supplemental BRFSS survey is conducted using identical methodology as the Standard BRFSS and allows a doubling of the BRFSS sample size for those measures included on both surveys. Percentage of adults who were obese (BMI >= 30.0), by education, all Alaskans, 2010-2020
Data NotesHealthy Alaskans 2020 target: 27%Post-stratification weights were used for Alaska prior to 2006; raking weights were used from 2007 onward. For more on this methodological change see: http://dhss.alaska.gov/dph/Chronic/Pages/brfss/method.aspx. Alaska data were obtained from the Standard AK BRFSS from 1991 through 2003, and from the Standard and Supplemental AK BRFSS surveys combined from 2004 onward. The Supplemental BRFSS survey is conducted using identical methodology as the Standard BRFSS and allows a doubling of the BRFSS sample size for those measures included on both surveys. Data SourcesBRFSS Alaska Data: Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, Alaska Department of Health and Social Services, Division of Public Health, Section of Chronic Disease Prevention and Health PromotionPercentage of adults (18+) who were obese (BMI >= 30.0), by employment status, all Alaskans, 2010-2020
Data NotesHealthy Alaskans 2020 target: 27%Post-stratification weights were used for Alaska prior to 2006; raking weights were used from 2007 onward. For more on this methodological change see: http://dhss.alaska.gov/dph/Chronic/Pages/brfss/method.aspx. Alaska data were obtained from the Standard AK BRFSS from 1991 through 2003, and from the Standard and Supplemental AK BRFSS surveys combined from 2004 onward. The Supplemental BRFSS survey is conducted using identical methodology as the Standard BRFSS and allows a doubling of the BRFSS sample size for those measures included on both surveys. Percentage of adults (18+) who were obese (BMI >= 30.0), by income, all Alaskans, 2010-2020
Data NotesHealthy Alaskans 2020 target: 27%Post-stratification weights were used for Alaska prior to 2006; raking weights were used from 2007 onward. For more on this methodological change see: http://dhss.alaska.gov/dph/Chronic/Pages/brfss/method.aspx. Alaska data were obtained from the Standard AK BRFSS from 1991 through 2003, and from the Standard and Supplemental AK BRFSS surveys combined from 2004 onward. The Supplemental BRFSS survey is conducted using identical methodology as the Standard BRFSS and allows a doubling of the BRFSS sample size for those measures included on both surveys. Data SourcesBRFSS Alaska Data: Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, Alaska Department of Health and Social Services, Division of Public Health, Section of Chronic Disease Prevention and Health PromotionPercentage of adults (18+) who were obese (BMI >= 30.0), by poverty threshold, all Alaskans, 2010-2020
Data NotesHealthy Alaskans 2020 target: 27%Post-stratification weights were used for Alaska prior to 2006; raking weights were used from 2007 onward. For more on this methodological change see: http://dhss.alaska.gov/dph/Chronic/Pages/brfss/method.aspx. Alaska data were obtained from the Standard AK BRFSS from 1991 through 2003, and from the Standard and Supplemental AK BRFSS surveys combined from 2004 onward. The Supplemental BRFSS survey is conducted using identical methodology as the Standard BRFSS and allows a doubling of the BRFSS sample size for those measures included on both surveys. Poverty thresholds are intended for use as a statistical yardstick, not as a complete description of what people and families need to live. Poverty thresholds are the dollar amounts assigned by the U.S. Census Bureau to determine poverty status. Poverty thresholds are assigned based upon the size of the family and the ages of the members (i.e., adults versus children). The same thresholds are used throughout the United States. Poverty thresholds were originally derived in the 1963-1964 using U.S. Department of Agriculture food budgets designed for families under economic stress and data about what proportion of their income families spent on food. The thresholds are updated annually for inflation using the Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U). Poverty thresholds computed using the BRFSS assume that householders are less than 65 years of age as the household composition cannot be determined with accuracy. The category of Poor represents less than 100% of the poverty threshold. Near Poor is 100% through 199% of the poverty threshold. Middle/High income families are 200% or high of the poverty threshold. [How the Census Bureau Measures Poverty - U.S. Census Bureau https://www.census.gov/hhes/www/poverty/about/overview/measure.html] Percentage of adults (18+) who were obese (BMI >= 30.0), by metropolitan/micropolitan statistical areas, all Alaskans, 2010-2020
Data NotesHealthy Alaskans 2020 target: 27%Post-stratification weights were used for Alaska prior to 2006; raking weights were used from 2007 onward. For more on this methodological change see: http://dhss.alaska.gov/dph/Chronic/Pages/brfss/method.aspx. Alaska data were obtained from the Standard AK BRFSS from 1991 through 2003, and from the Standard and Supplemental AK BRFSS surveys combined from 2004 onward. The Supplemental BRFSS survey is conducted using identical methodology as the Standard BRFSS and allows a doubling of the BRFSS sample size for those measures included on both surveys. Percentage of adults (18+) who were obese (BMI >= 30.0), by Alaska Public Health Regions, all Alaskans, 2010-2020
Data NotesHealthy Alaskans 2020 target: 27%Post-stratification weights were used for Alaska prior to 2006; raking weights were used from 2007 onward. For more on this methodological change see: http://dhss.alaska.gov/dph/Chronic/Pages/brfss/method.aspx. Alaska data were obtained from the Standard AK BRFSS from 1991 through 2003, and from the Standard and Supplemental AK BRFSS surveys combined from 2004 onward. The Supplemental BRFSS survey is conducted using identical methodology as the Standard BRFSS and allows a doubling of the BRFSS sample size for those measures included on both surveys. Data SourcesBRFSS Alaska Data: Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, Alaska Department of Health and Social Services, Division of Public Health, Section of Chronic Disease Prevention and Health PromotionReferences and Community ResourcesResources:The National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion provides consumer information at http://www.cdc.gov/nccdphp/dnpa/obesity/ NHLBI Obesity Education Initiative at http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/about/oei/ The Surgeon General's Call to Action to Prevent and Decrease Overweight & Obesity at http://www.surgeongeneral.gov/topics/obesity Let's Move, America's Move to Raise a Healthier Generation of Kids at www.letsmove.gov More information on the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System may be found on the website of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention - http://www.cdc.gov/brfss/ More Resources and LinksAlaska and national goals may be found at the following sites:Maps of health indicators for various subdivisions of Alaska may be found at the following site: Evidence-based community health improvement ideas and interventions may be found at the following sites:
Additional indicator data by state and county may be found on these Websites:
Medical literature can be queried at the PubMed website. For an on-line medical dictionary, click on this Dictionary link.
Page Content Updated On 01/22/2015,
Published on 01/22/2015
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